Huawei’s Harmony aims to end China’s reliance on Windows, Android
华为Harmony旨在结束中国对Windows和Android的依赖
SHENZHEN, China, June 28 (Reuters) – Packed into a small room, a drone, bipedal robot, supermarket checkout and other devices showcase a vision of China’s software future – one where an operating system developed by national champion Huawei has replaced Windows and Android.
中国深圳，6月28日（路透社）-在一个小房间里，无人机，双足机器人，超市收银台和其他设备展示了中国软件未来的愿景-由全国冠军华为开发的操作系统已经取代Windows和Android。
The collection is at the Harmony Ecosystem Innovation Centre in the southern city of Shenzhen, a local government-owned entity that encourages authorities, companies and hardware makers to develop software using OpenHarmony, an open-source version of the operating system Huawei launched five years ago after U.S. sanctions cut off support for Google’s (GOOGL.O), opens new tab Android.
该系列是在南方城市深圳的和谐生态系统创新中心，这是一个地方政府拥有的实体，鼓励当局，公司和硬件制造商使用OpenHarmony开发软件，OpenHarmony是华为五年前推出的操作系统的开源版本，美国制裁切断了对谷歌Android的支持。
While Huawei’s recent strong-selling smartphone launches have been closely watched for signs of advances in China’s chip supply chain, the company has also quietly built up expertise in sectors crucial to Beijing’s vision of technology self-sufficiency from operating systems to in-vehicle software.
尽管华为最近推出的畅销智能手机受到密切关注，以寻找中国芯片供应链取得进展的迹象，但该公司也悄悄地在一些领域积累了专业知识，这些领域对北京方面实现技术自给自足的愿景至关重要，从操作系统到车载软件。
President Xi Jinping last year told the Communist Party’s elite politburo that China must wage a difficult battle to localise operating systems and other technology “as soon as possible” as the U.S. cracks down on exports of advanced chips and other components.
中国国家主席Xi近平去年对中共中央政治局表示，随着美国限制先进芯片和其他零部件的出口，中国必须“尽快”进行一场艰难的斗争，将操作系统和其他技术本土化。
OpenHarmony is now being widely promoted within China as a “national operating system” amid concerns that other major companies could be severed from the Microsoft (MSFT.O), opens new tab Windows and Android products upon which many systems rely.
OpenHarmony目前正在中国作为一个“国家操作系统”进行广泛推广，因为人们担心其他大公司可能会与许多系统所依赖的微软（Microsoft）Windows和Android产品分离。
“This strategic move will likely erode the market share of Western operating systems like Android and Windows in China, as local products gain traction,” said Sunny Cheung, an associate fellow at the Jamestown Foundation, a U.S. defence policy group.
美国国防政策组织詹姆斯敦基金会（Jamestown Foundation）副研究员张晴（Sunny Cheung）表示：“随着本土产品越来越受欢迎，这一战略举措可能会侵蚀Android和Windows等西方操作系统在中国的市场份额。”
In the first quarter of 2024, Huawei’s HarmonyOS, the company’s in-house version of the operating system, surpassed Apple’s (AAPL.O), opens new tab iOS to become the second best-selling mobile operating system in China behind Android, research firm Counterpoint said. It has not been launched on smartphones outside China.
研究公司Counterpoint称，2024年第一季度，华为内部版本的操作系统HarmonyOS超越苹果（AAPL.O）iOS，成为中国第二畅销的移动的操作系统，仅次于Android。它还没有在中国以外的智能手机上推出。
Huawei no longer controls OpenHarmony, having gifted its source code to a non-profit called the OpenAtom Foundation in 2020 and 2021, according to an internal memo and other releases.
华为不再控制OpenHarmony，根据内部备忘录和其他发布的消息，华为在2020年和2021年将其源代码赠送给了一个名为OpenAtom Foundation的非营利组织。
But both the innovation centre and government documents often refer to OpenHarmony and HarmonyOS interchangeably as part of a broader Harmony ecosystem. The growth of HarmonyOS, expected to be rolled out in a PC version this year or next, will spur adoption of OpenHarmony, analysts said.
但创新中心和政府文件都经常将OpenHarmony和HarmonyOS互换称为更广泛的Harmony生态系统的一部分。分析师表示，HarmonyOS的增长预计将在今年或明年推出PC版本，这将刺激OpenHarmony的采用。
“Harmony has created a powerful foundational operating system for the future of China’s devices,” said Richard Yu, the chairman of Huawei’s consumer business group, at the opening of a developer conference last week.
华为消费者业务集团董事长余承东（Richard Yu）上周在一次开发者大会开幕式上表示：“Harmony为中国设备的未来创造了一个强大的基础操作系统。”
Huawei did not respond to a request for further comment.
华为没有回应进一步置评的请求。
SELF-SUFFICIENCY 自给自足
Huawei first unveiled Harmony in August 2019, three months after Washington placed it under trade restrictions over alleged security concerns. Huawei denies its equipment poses a risk.
华为于2019年8月首次推出Harmony，三个月前，华盛顿因涉嫌安全问题对其进行贸易限制。华为否认其设备构成风险。
Since then, China has stepped up its self-sufficiency efforts, cutting itself off from the main code sharing hub Github and championing a local version, Gitee.
从那以后，中国加强了自给自足的努力，切断了与主要代码共享中心Github的联系，并支持本地版本Gitee。
China banned the use of Windows on government computers in 2014 and they now use mostly Linux-based operating systems.
中国在2014年禁止在政府计算机上使用Windows，现在他们主要使用基于Linux的操作系统。
Microsoft earns only about 1.5% of its revenue from China, its president said this month.
微软总裁本月说，微软在中国的收入仅占其总收入的1.5%左右。
Originally built on an open source Android system, this year Huawei launched its first “pure” version of HarmonyOS that no longer supports Android-based apps, in a move that further bifurcates China’s app ecosystem from the rest of the world.
最初建立在开源Android系统上，今年华为推出了其首个不再支持Android应用程序的“纯血”版本HarmonyOS，此举进一步将中国的应用程序生态系统与世界其他地区分开。
A report from the Jamestown Foundation last month said OpenHarmony’s owner OpenAtom appeared to be coordinating efforts among Chinese firms to develop a viable alternative to U.S. technologies, including for defence applications such as satellites.
詹姆斯敦基金会上个月的一份报告称，OpenHarmony的所有者OpenAtom似乎正在协调中国公司的努力，以开发一种可行的美国技术替代品，包括卫星等国防应用。
Beijing-based OpenAtom did not respond to a request for comment.
总部位于北京的OpenAtom没有回复记者的置评请求。
OPEN SOURCE 开源
OpenHarmony was the fastest-growing open-source operating system for smart devices last year, with more than 70 organisations contributing to it and more than 460 hardware and software products built across finance, education, aerospace and industry, Huawei said in its 2023 annual report.
华为在2023年年报中表示，OpenHarmony是去年增长最快的智能设备开源操作系统，有70多家组织为其做出贡献，并在金融、教育、航空航天和工业领域构建了460多个硬件和软件产品。
The aim of making it open source is to replicate Android’s success in removing licensing costs for users and to give companies a customisable springboard for their own products, said Charlie Cheng, deputy manager of the Harmony Ecosystem Innovation Centre, when Reuters visited.
路透社访问时，和谐生态系统创新中心副经理查理·程（Charlie Cheng）表示，开源的目的是复制Android在为用户消除许可成本方面的成功，并为企业提供一个可定制的跳板，以推出自己的产品。
“Harmony will definitely grow into a mainstream operating system, and will give the world a new choice of operating system besides iOS and Android,” he said. “China is learning from the West.”
“Harmony肯定会成长为主流操作系统，并将给世界带来iOS和Android之外的操作系统新选择，”他说。“中国正在向西方学习。”
Google, Apple and Microsoft did not respond to requests for comment.
谷歌、苹果和微软没有回应置评请求。
The Harmony ecosystem has seen strong support from Huawei’s home city of Shenzhen, a city historically used as a trial site for policies later adopted across China.
和谐生态系统得到了华为家乡深圳的大力支持，深圳历史上曾被用作后来在中国各地采用的政策的试验场。
Along with a Harmony centre that opened in the southwestern city of Chengdu, 10 more are expected in a further 10 cities, according to a Shenzhen centre presentation.
沿着在西南城市成都开设的鸿蒙中心，据深圳中心介绍，预计将在另外10个城市开设10个和谐中心。
Key OpenHarmony developers include Shenzhen Kaihong Digital, headed by Wang Chenglu, a former Huawei employee known as Harmony’s “godfather”, and Chinasoft (0354.HK), opens new tab. Both have worked on infrastructure software, at Tianjin Port and for mines in China’s top coal-producing province Shaanxi.
OpenHarmony的主要开发者包括深圳凯宏数码，该公司由被称为Harmony“教父”的前华为员工王承录负责，以及中软（0354.HK）。两人都曾在天津港和中国最大的产煤省陕西的煤矿从事基础设施软件工作。
While OpenHarmony is largely confined to China, Brussels-based open-source group the Eclipse Foundation said it was using it to develop a system called Oniro for use in mobile phones and internet-of-things devices.
虽然OpenHarmony在很大程度上仅限于中国，但总部位于布鲁塞尔的开源组织Eclipse Foundation表示，它正在使用它开发一个名为Oniro的系统，用于移动的手机和物联网设备。
China’s previous efforts to build major open-source projects have struggled to gain traction among developers, but Huawei’s growing smartphone market share and extra work to develop a broader ecosystem gives Harmony an advantage, analysts said.
分析师表示，中国此前建立主要开源项目的努力一直难以在开发者中获得吸引力，但华为不断增长的智能手机市场份额以及开发更广泛生态系统的额外工作为Harmony提供了优势。
More than 900 million devices, including smartphones, watches and car systems are running on HarmonyOS, while 2.4 million developers were coding in the ecosystem, Huawei’s Yu said this month.
华为的余承东本月表示，包括智能手机、手表和汽车系统在内的9亿多台设备都在HarmonyOS上运行，而240万开发人员在该生态系统中编码。
“OpenHarmony will need more time and iterations so that these developers will be more confident to work with OpenHarmony,” said Emma Xu, an analyst with research firm Canalys. “But the reputation, behaviour and confidence that HarmonyOS has achieved will definitely bring a positive effect.”
研究公司Canalys的分析师Emma Xu说：“OpenHarmony将需要更多的时间和迭代，以便这些开发人员更有信心与OpenHarmony合作。”“但HarmonyOS所取得的声誉、行为和信心肯定会带来积极的影响。”