What we know about the deadly pager blasts in Lebanon
我们对黎巴嫩致命的传呼机爆炸事件所了解的情况
Sept 17 (Reuters)
9 月 17 日（路透社）
以下为站内视频，大约四分钟
At least nine people were killed and nearly 3,000 wounded when pagers used by Hezbollah members – including fighters and medics – detonated simultaneously across Lebanon.
至少有九人死亡，近三千人受伤，当黎巴嫩境内的哈马斯成员（包括战斗人员和医护人员）使用的传呼机同时爆炸时。
Here’s what we know so far about the pager blasts.
到目前为止，我们对传呼机爆炸事件了解的情况如下。
WHEN AND WHERE DID THE BLASTS TAKE PLACE?
爆炸发生在何时何地？
The detonations started around 3:30 p.m. (1230 GMT) in the southern suburbs of Beirut known as Dahiyeh and the eastern Bekaa valley – strongholds of the anti-Israel militant group Hezbollah.
爆炸事件大约在下午 3 点 30 分（格林尼治标准时间 1230）在贝鲁特南部郊区，即达赫耶和东部贝卡谷地开始，这是反以军激进组织真主党的据点。
They lasted around an hour, with Reuters witnesses and residents of Dahiyeh saying they could still hear explosions at 4:30 p.m. (1730 GMT).
它们持续了大约一小时，路透社的目击者和达尔耶的居民表示，下午 4 点 30 分（格林尼治标准时间 17 点 30 分）他们仍然能听到爆炸声。
According to security sources and footage reviewed by Reuters, some of the detonations took place after the pagers rang, causing the fighters to put their hands on them or bring them up to their faces to check the screens.
根据安全来源和路透社审查的视频，一些爆炸发生在传呼机响起之后，导致战斗人员伸手去拿它们，或者将它们举到面前查看屏幕。
HOW BIG WERE THE EXPLOSIONS?
爆炸有多大？
The blasts were relatively contained, according to footage reviewed by Reuters. In two separate clips from closed-circuit video of supermarkets, the blasts appeared only to wound the person wearing the pager or closest to it.
爆炸相对得到了控制，根据路透社审查的视频片段。在两个从闭路电视超市视频中截取的片段中，爆炸似乎只伤到了佩戴对讲机的人或离它最近的人。
Video from hospitals and shared on social media appeared to show individuals with injuries to their faces, missing fingers and gaping wounds at the hip where the pager was likely worn.
医院的视频在社交媒体上被分享，视频中显示了面部受伤、手指缺失以及腰部可能佩戴传呼机处的巨大伤口的个体。
The blasts did not appear to cause major damage to buildings or start any fires.
爆炸似乎没有对建筑物造成重大破坏或引发火灾。
WHAT TYPE OF PAGER EXPLODED?
什么样的寻呼机爆炸了？
Israel’s Mossad spy agency planted a small amount of explosives inside 5,000 Taiwan-made pagers ordered by Lebanese group Hezbollah months before Tuesday’s detonations, a senior Lebanese security source and another source told Reuters.
以色列摩萨德情报机构在黎巴嫩真主党在周二爆炸事件发生数月前订购的 5000 个台湾制造的传呼机内安装了一小部分爆炸物，一位高级黎巴嫩安全来源和另一位来源告诉路透社。
The Lebanese source said the group had ordered pagers made by Taiwan-based Gold Apollo, which several sources say were brought into the country earlier this year. The source identified a photograph of the model of the pager, an AR-924.
黎巴嫩的消息来源说，该组织订购了台湾公司黄金阿波罗制造的传呼机，据多位消息人士称，这些传呼机是在今年早些时候进入该国的。消息来源指出了传呼机型号 AR-924 的照片。
Images of destroyed pagers analysed by Reuters showed a format and stickers on the back that were consistent with pagers made by Gold Apollo, a Taiwan-based pager manufacturer.
路透社分析的被破坏的传呼机图片显示，背面的格式和贴纸与台湾传呼机制造商金 Apollo 生产的传呼机一致。
Hezbollah did not reply to questions from Reuters on the make of the pagers. Gold Apollo’s founder said the company did not make the pagers used in the explosions in Lebanon. They were manufactured by a company in Europe that had the right to use the Taiwanese firm’s brand.
黎巴嫩真主党没有回应路透社关于对讲机型号的问题。黄金阿波罗的创始人表示，该公司没有制造在黎巴嫩爆炸中使用的对讲机。这些对讲机是由一家拥有使用台湾公司品牌的欧洲公司制造的。
Hezbollah fighters began using pagers in the belief they would be able to evade Israeli tracking of their locations, two sources familiar with the group’s operations told Reuters this year.
黎巴嫩真主党战士开始使用寻呼机，他们相信这样可以避开以色列对他们的位置追踪，两位熟悉该组织运作的消息人士今年告诉路透社。
Three security sources told Reuters that the pagers that detonated were the latest model brought in by Hezbollah in recent months.
三位安全消息人士告诉路透社，引爆的传呼机是哈马斯近期引进的最新款型。
WHAT CAUSED THE PAGERS TO EXPLODE?
导致寻呼机爆炸的原因是什么？
Iran-backed Hezbollah said it was carrying out a “security and scientific investigation” into the causes of the blasts and said Israel would receive “its fair punishment.”
伊朗支持的真主党表示，它正在进行“安全和科学调查”，以查明爆炸的原因，并表示以色列将受到“公正的惩罚”。
Diplomatic and security sources speculated that the explosions could have been caused by the devices’ batteries detonating, possibly through overheating.
外交和安全消息来源推测，爆炸可能是由于设备电池爆炸所致，可能是因为过热。
But others said that Israel might have infiltrated the supply chain for Hezbollah’s pagers. The New York Times reported that Israel hid explosive material within a new batch of the pagers before they were imported to Lebanon, citing American and other officials briefed on the operation.
但其他人表示，以色列可能渗透了哈马斯传呼机的供应链。《纽约时报》报道说，以色列在将一批传呼机进口到黎巴嫩之前，在这批传呼机中隐藏了爆炸物，这一消息得到了参与该行动的美国和其他官员的证实。
Several experts who spoke with Reuters said they doubted the battery alone would have been enough to cause the blasts.
与路透社交谈的几位专家表示，他们怀疑仅电池就足以引起爆炸。
Paul Christensen, an expert in lithium ion battery safety at Newcastle University, said the damage seemed inconsistent with past cases of such batteries failing.
纽卡斯尔大学的锂离子电池安全专家保罗·克里斯滕森表示，这种损害似乎与过去此类电池失效的情况不一致。
“What we’re talking about is a relatively small battery bursting into flames. We’re not talking of a fatal explosion here…my intuition is telling me that it’s highly unlikely,” he said.
我们讨论的是一个相对较小的电池突然起火。我们不是在谈论致命的爆炸……我的直觉告诉我，这种情况发生的可能性非常低。
Another reason to doubt the explosions were caused by overheating batteries is that typically only a fully charged battery can catch fire or explode, said Ofodike Ezekoye, a University of Texas at Austin mechanical engineering professor.
怀疑爆炸并非由过热电池引起的原因之一是，奥斯汀德克萨斯大学机械工程教授奥福德凯伊说，通常只有完全充满电的电池才会起火或爆炸。
“Below 50% (charge)…it will generate gases and vapor, but no fires or explosions. It is highly unlikely that everyone whose pager failed had a fully charged battery,” he said.
“低于 50%（充电）…它会产生气体和蒸汽，但不会引起火灾或爆炸。很可能并不是所有 pager 失灵的人都有充满电的电池，”他说。
Israeli intelligence forces have previously placed explosives in personal phones to target enemies, according to the 2018 book “Rise and Kill First”. Hackers have also demonstrated the ability to inject malicious code into personal devices, causing them to overheat and explode in some instances.
根据 2018 年的书籍《先起而杀之》，以色列情报机构曾以前在个人手机中放置爆炸物以针对敌人。黑客也已经展示了能够向个人设备注入恶意代码的能力，在某些情况下，这会导致设备过热并爆炸。
WHAT HAVE THE AUTHORITIES SAID?
官方说了什么？
Lebanon’s foreign ministry called the explosions an “Israeli cyberattack,” but did not provide details on how it had reached that conclusion.
黎巴嫩外交部将爆炸事件称为“以色列网络攻击”，但没有提供其得出这一结论的详细信息。
Lebanon’s information minister said the attack was an assault on Lebanon’s sovereignty.
黎巴嫩的信息部长表示，这次袭击是对黎巴嫩主权的侵犯。
Israel’s military declined to respond to Reuters questions on the pager blasts.
以色列军方拒绝回应路透社关于传呼机爆炸的问题。
The U.S. State Department said Washington was gathering information and was not involved. The Pentagon said there was no change in U.S. force posture in the Middle East in the wake of the incident.
美国国务院表示，华盛顿正在收集信息，并未参与此事。五角大楼表示，事件发生后，美国在中东的军事部署没有变化。
WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS FOR THE ISRAEL-HEZBOLLAH CONFLICT?
以色列-真主党冲突的含义是什么？
Analysts see the threat of escalation between Israel and Hezbollah, which have exchanged cross-border fire since the start of the Israel-Hamas war in Gaza last October.
分析人士看到以色列和真主党之间的升级威胁，自去年 10 月以色列在加沙对哈马斯作战以来，双方就开始进行跨境交火。
But experts are more skeptical, for now, about the potential for triggering an imminent all-out Israel-Hezbollah war, which the U.S. has sought to prevent and which it believes neither side wants.
但专家目前对引发即将全面爆发的以色列-真主党战争的可能性持更加怀疑态度，美国一直试图阻止这种战争，而且它认为双方都不希望发生这种情况。
Matthew Levitt, former deputy director of the U.S. Treasury’s intelligence office and author of a book on Hezbollah, said the pager explosions could disrupt its operations for some time.
前美国财政部情报办公室副主管，同时也是《黎巴嫩真主党》一书的作者马修·莱维特表示，传呼机爆炸事件可能会在一段时间内扰乱黎巴嫩真主党的运作。
Jonathan Panikoff, the U.S. government’s former deputy national intelligence officer on the Middle East, said Hezbollah might downplay its “biggest counterintelligence failure in decades” but rising tensions could eventually erupt into full-scale war if diplomacy continues to fall short.
前美国政府中东地区国家情报官 Jonathan Panikoff 表示，虽然真主党可能低估了“几十年来最大的反情报失败”，但如果外交继续失败，不断上升的紧张局势最终可能会爆发成全面战争。