US-China tech war seen heating up regardless of whether Trump or Harris wins无论特朗普还是哈里斯获胜，美中科技战都将升温
Oct 23 (Reuters) – The U.S.-China tech war is all but certain to heat up no matter whether Republican Donald Trump or Vice President Kamala Harris wins the Nov. 5 U.S. presidential election, with the Democrat likely to come out with targeted new rules and Trump a blunter approach.10月23日（路透社） – 无论共和党人唐纳德·特朗普还是副总统卡马拉·哈里斯赢得11月5日的美国总统大选，美中科技战几乎肯定会升温，民主党可能会出台有针对性的新规则，而特朗普则采取直率的方法。
New efforts to slow the flow of less-sophisticated Chinese chips, smart cars and other imports into the U.S. are expected, alongside more curbs on chipmaking tools and highly-prized AI chips headed to China, according to former officials from the Biden and Trump administrations, industry experts and people close to the campaigns.据拜登和特朗普政府的前官员、行业专家和接近竞选活动的人士称，预计将采取新的措施来减缓不太复杂的中国芯片、智能汽车和其他进口产品流入美国，同时对运往中国的芯片制造工具和备受推崇的人工智能芯片采取更多限制。
In her bid for the U.S. presidency, Democrat Harris has said she will make sure “America, not China, wins the competition for the 21st century,” while Republican candidate Trump has pitched ever-increasing tariffs as a cure-all that includes combating Chinese technological advancement.在竞选美国总统时，民主党人哈里斯曾表示，她将确保“美国，而不是中国，赢得 21 世纪的竞争”，而共和党候选人特朗普则提出不断提高关税的灵丹妙药，包括对抗中国的技术进步。
In short, the battle to keep U.S. money and technology from boosting China’s military and artificial intelligence capabilities is bound to escalate under either Harris or Trump.简而言之，在哈里斯或特朗普的领导下，阻止美国资金和技术提升中国军事和人工智能能力的斗争必将升级。
“We’re seeing the opening of a new front on the U.S. China tech cold war that is focused on data, software and connected devices,” said Peter Harrell, a former national security official in the Biden administration.“我们看到美中科技冷战的新战线正在开辟，重点是数据、软件和连接设备，”拜登政府前国家安全官员彼得·哈雷尔（Peter Harrell）说。
Last month, the U.S. proposed rules to keep connected cars made with Chinese components off America’s streets, while a law was passed this spring that said the short video app TikTok must be sold by its Chinese parent by next year or be banned.上个月，美国提出了禁止使用中国零部件制造的联网汽车进入美国街道的规定，而今年春天通过了一项法律，称短视频应用程序 TikTok 必须在明年之前由其中国母公司销售，否则将被禁止。
“There’s a lot of concern if a Chinese company is able to access and provide updates to devices,” Harrell said. “The connected car thing and TikTok are just the tip of the iceberg.”“如果一家中国公司能够访问设备并提供设备更新，人们会非常担心，”Harrell 说。“互联汽车和 TikTok 只是冰山一角。”
Should Harris win the election, her approach would likely be more targeted and coordinated than Trump’s, people close to both administrations say.接近两届政府的人士表示，如果哈里斯赢得选举，她的做法可能会比特朗普的做法更具针对性和协调性。
For example, she is likely to continue working with allies much like the Biden administration has, to keep U.S. tech from aiding the Chinese military, Harrell said.例如，哈雷尔说，她可能会继续与盟友合作，就像拜登政府一样，阻止美国技术援助中国军队。
A Trump administration, on the other hand, may move more quickly, and be more willing to punish recalcitrant allies.另一方面，特朗普政府可能会行动得更快，也更愿意惩罚顽固的盟友。
“I think we learned from President Trump’s first term that he has a bias for action,” said Jamieson Greer, former chief of staff to Robert Lighthizer, the U.S. trade representative under Trump who remains close to the campaign.“我认为我们从特朗普总统的第一个任期中学到，他偏向于行动，”特朗普政府的美国贸易代表罗伯特·莱特希泽（Robert Lighthizer）的前幕僚长贾米森·格里尔（Jamieson Greer）说。
Nazak Nikakhtar, a Commerce Department official under Trump who knows his current advisors, expects a Trump administration to be “much more aggressive about export control policies towards China.”特朗普政府的商务部官员纳扎克·尼卡赫塔尔（Nazak Nikakhtar）了解特朗普目前的顾问，他预计特朗普政府将“在对华出口管制政策上更加激进”。
She anticipates “a significant expansion of the entity list,” to capture affiliates and business partners of listed companies. The list restricts exports to those on it. Trump added China’s Huawei Technologies to the list for sanctions busting.她预计“实体名单将大幅扩大”，以涵盖上市公司的关联公司和业务合作伙伴。该列表将导出限制为其中的导出。特朗普将中国的华为技术公司列入解除制裁的名单。
Licenses to ship U.S. technology to China also are more likely to be denied, Nikakhtar said.Nikakhtar 说，向中国运送美国技术的许可证也更有可能被拒绝。
She said she would not be surprised if a Trump administration imposed restrictions not only on imports of Chinese chips but on “certain products containing those chips.”她说，如果特朗普政府不仅对中国芯片的进口实施限制，而且对“含有这些芯片的某些产品”实施限制，她不会感到惊讶。
And she expects Trump to be tougher than Harris on allies who don’t follow the U.S. lead. “The Trump philosophy is more of a stick,” she said.她预计特朗普对不追随美国领导的盟友会比哈里斯更强硬。“特朗普的哲学更像是一根棍子，”她说。
Bill Reinsch, a former Commerce official during the Clinton administration sees Trump as likely to take a “sledgehammer” to controls where Harris would use a “scalpel.”克林顿政府时期的前商务官员比尔·赖因施（Bill Reinsch）认为，特朗普可能会用“大锤”来控制哈里斯在哪些地方会使用“手术刀”。
“Trump’s approach has been across-the-board, most clearly seen in his current tariff proposals,” Reinsch said.“特朗普的做法是全面的，这在他目前的关税提案中最为明显，”莱因施说。
Trump has said he would impose tariffs of 10 or 20 percent on all imports (not just Chinese) and 60 percent or more on Chinese imports.特朗普曾表示，他将对所有进口商品（不仅仅是中国）征收 10% 或 20% 的关税，对中国进口商品征收 60% 或更高的关税。
Harris has described Trump’s tariff plan as a tax on consumers, but the Biden administration has seen the need for targeted tariffs including increasing the rate on semiconductors from 25 percent to 50 percent by 2025.哈里斯将特朗普的关税计划描述为对消费者征税，但拜登政府已经看到了针对性关税的必要性，包括到 2025 年将半导体税率从 25% 提高到 50%。
China has repeatedly said it would safeguard its rights and interests. Last year, it targeted U.S. memory chip maker Micron Technology after Washington imposed a series of export controls on U.S. chips and chipmaking equipment, and the U.S. accused Beijing of penalizing other US companies amid growing tensions.中国一再表示将维护自身权益。去年，在华盛顿对美国芯片和芯片制造设备实施一系列出口管制后，它针对美国存储芯片制造商美光科技，美国指责北京在日益紧张的情况下惩罚其他美国公司。
Wilbur Ross, commerce secretary under Trump, said that the U.S. needs to be tough on China, but strategic, too.特朗普政府的商务部长威尔伯·罗斯（Wilbur Ross）表示，美国需要对中国采取强硬态度，但也需要采取战略行动。
“It would be very dangerous to just try to cut them off.”“如果只是试图切断它们，那将是非常危险的。”