Azerbaijan Airlines plane crash in Kazakhstan
阿塞拜疆航空公司飞机坠毁在哈萨克斯坦
Dec 27 (Reuters) – A passenger jet operated by Azerbaijan Airlines crashed near the city of Aktau in Kazakhstan on Wednesday, after diverting from an area of southern Russia where Moscow has repeatedly used air defence systems against Ukrainian attack drones.
12月27日(Reuters) – 一架由阿塞拜疆航空公司运营的客机在周三坠毁在哈萨克斯坦的阿克套市附近，此前该飞机曾偏离了俄罗斯南部的一个区域，在该区域莫斯科多次使用防空系统对抗乌克兰的攻击无人机。
At least 38 people were killed while 29 survived.
至少 38 人遇难，29 人幸存。
Here is what we know so far:
这些就是我们所知道的
WHAT HAPPENED? 发生了什么？
Azerbaijan Airlines flight J2-8243 from Azerbaijan’s capital Baku flew hundreds of miles off its scheduled route to Grozny, in Russia’s southern Chechnya region, and crashed on the opposite shore of the Caspian Sea around 3 km (1.8 miles) from Aktau in Kazakhstan.
Azerbaijan 航空公司航班 J2-8243 从该国首都巴库起飞，偏离了预定航线数百英里飞往俄罗斯南部车臣地区的格罗兹尼，并在距哈萨克斯坦阿克套约 3 公里（1.8 英里）的对岸坠毁在里海。
It is not known why the plane veered off hundreds of miles across the Caspian Sea.
目前不清楚为什么飞机偏离航线飞过了里海数百英里。
Russia’s aviation watchdog said on Friday the plane had decided to reroute from its original destination amid dense fog and a local alert over Ukrainian drones.
俄罗斯航空监管机构周五表示，由于浓雾和当地关于乌克兰无人机的警报，该飞机决定从原目的地改航。
WHAT CAUSED THE CRASH?
什么导致的坠毁
This is not yet known as an official investigation gets underway.
这还不清楚，因为正式的调查正在进行中。
Four sources with knowledge of the preliminary findings of Azerbaijan’s investigation told Reuters on Thursday that Russian air defences had mistakenly shot it down. Pictures of the plane wreckage showed what appeared to be shrapnel damage to the tail section of the plane.
四名了解阿塞拜疆调查初步结果的消息来源周四告诉路透社，俄罗斯防空系统误将其击落。飞机残骸的照片显示，飞机尾部似乎有弹片损伤。
Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov said on Friday he had nothing to add and did not want to give any assessments until the official investigation made its conclusions.
克里姆林宫发言人德米特里·佩斯科夫周五表示，他没有更多信息可补充，并且在官方调查得出结论之前不想做出任何评估。
Russia’s aviation watchdog said on Wednesday the emergency may have been caused by a bird strike. Russia has said it is important to wait for the official investigation to finish its work to understand what happened.
俄罗斯的航空监管机构周三表示，紧急情况可能是由鸟类撞击引起的。俄罗斯表示，重要的是要等待官方调查完成其工作以了解发生了什么。
On Friday, Azerbaijan Airlines said preliminary results of an investigation showed the plane experienced “external physical and technical interference”, without giving details.
星期五，亚塞拜然航空公司表示初步调查结果显示飞机经历了“外部物理和技术干扰”，但没有提供细节。
Two passengers on the plane told Reuters that there was at least one loud bang as it approached its original destination Grozny.
在飞机上的两位乘客告诉路透社，当飞机接近原定目的地格罗兹尼时，至少传来了一次响亮的爆炸声。
一张显示乘客飞机从阿塞拜疆飞往俄罗斯路径的地图，包括坠机前的一个较长路段的路径此前未知。
INVESTIGATION 调查
Kazakhstan is leading the investigation which will be carried out under international rules known throughout the industry by their legal name “Annex 13”, governed by the United Nations aviation body ICAO.
哈萨克斯坦将领导根据国际航空业熟知的法律名称“附件 13”进行的调查，该调查将遵循联合国航空机构 ICAO 的规定。
The plane’s black box, which contains flight data to help determine the cause of a crash, had been found, Interfax reported on Wednesday.
飞机的黑匣子包含有助于确定坠机原因的飞行数据，已经被找到，Interfax 在周三报道。
The governments of passengers and crew on board – Azeri, Kazakh, Russian and Kyrgyz – and Brazil, which is home of the planemaker Embraer (EMBR3.SA), will likely be involved. The United States, where the plane’s engine was made, may also participate.
飞机乘客和机组人员所在的政府——阿塞拜疆、哈萨克斯坦、俄罗斯和吉尔吉斯斯坦，以及巴西（巴西飞机制造商 embraer 的所在地），很可能将参与其中。美国也可能参与，因为那里的发动机是制造的。
Brazil sent three Air Force investigators to Kazakhstan to take part in the probe. Embraer representatives are also on the ground, according to Kazakhstan’s president, local media reported.
巴西派了三名空军调查员前往哈萨克斯坦参与调查。据当地媒体报导，巴西航空工业公司的代表也已在现场。
Under Annex 13 guidelines, a preliminary report will be published within 30 days of the incident and a final report within 12 months.
根据附件 13 的规定，事故发生后 30 天内将发布初步报告，12 个月内将发布最终报告。
The final report on the accidental downing of a jet in Iran took over a year to be released by Iran’s civil aviation body.
伊朗民航机构花了超过一年的时间才发布关于伊朗境内误击喷气机的最终报告。
IS THERE A PRECEDENT FOR THIS KIND OF INCIDENT?
这种事件之前有先例吗？
If confirmed, it would be the third major fatal downing of a passenger jet linked to armed conflict since 2014, according to the Flight Safety Foundation’s Aviation Safety Network, a global database of accidents and incidents.
如果确认，这将是自 2014 年以来航空安全网络记录的第三起与武装冲突有关的重大客机坠毁事件。航空安全网络是一个全球性的事故和事件数据库，隶属于飞行安全基金会。
Previous disasters include the shooting down of Ukraine International Airlines Flight PS752 in 2020 by Iran’s Revolutionary Guards, killing all 176 people on board.
In 2014, Malaysian Airlines Flight MH17 was shot down over eastern Ukraine by a Russian BUK missile system with the loss of 298 passengers and crew.
2014 年，马来西亚航空公司航班 MH17 在乌克兰东部被一枚俄罗斯 BUK 导弹系统击落，导致 298 名乘客和机组人员遇难。
IMPACT ON AIRLINES’ OPERATIONS
对航空公司运营的影响
Azerbaijan’s civil aviation body said flights from Baku to Russia would be suspended for safety reasons until the release of the final report. Flydubai has suspended flights to two southern Russian airports since the crash.
阿塞拜疆的民航机构表示，由于安全原因，从巴库飞往俄罗斯的航班将暂停，直到最终报告发布。飞往迪拜航空公司已因坠机事件暂停了飞往两个南部俄罗斯机场的航班。